In order to do this, the label outside the ring would have only one meaning - the 'north', 'pole' or 'artike' star. There are a host of name variations for this. the outside ring of very short names have to be star alignments, therefore star names. I would expect the single character words to be probably numerical equivalents for the zodiac signs, and the rest to be names of 'fixed stars' within that particular zodiac house.
I'd welcome any advice at all on where to find information on the construction of these devices. I have several books from this time period with similar volvelles, and I'm going to spend some time going back and reading these sections very carefully. In the meantime I'm open to new ideas on this that might explain different uses for this device.