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Re: VMs: Word Endings
:-)
years back - I said "8am" was not good/bad.
-=se=-
Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2003 21:54:41 -0500
From: GC <glenclaston@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Reply-To: vms-list@xxxxxxxxxxx
To: VMS List <vms-list@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: VMs: Word Endings
Hey all,
Pardon me if all this has been done before in numbers, but I'd like to
repeat the process using "pictures" (glyphs) so pure numbers don't lose
anybody who isn't fluent in EVA (me especially). :-)
Someone was asking if a study had been done on word endings. I think I saw
something on Jorge's site on this awhile back, and there have been numerous
papers and writings on the subject taken from one vantage or another, but I
think it might do good to revisit some of these again, as the concept of
word beginnings and endings are an important feature on which we base a lot
of our arguments.
Because of recent comments to the nature of "the VMS has so few word
endings", I've posted three short studies of these in separate files.
There's a lot to consider on this topic, so I'll just touch on a few and see
if we can draw enough different perspectives to look into this a little
deeper. Follow me to http://voynich.info/vgbt/xcrptn/first_last.pdf
I record 92 separate glyphs in the first six quires, and have already dealt
with my perceptions of their classifications. (I know some are probably
part of the standard set, etc.) Out of that 92 however, 66 (72%) are found
at least once at the beginning of a word. Out of these 66, 44 occur more
than once at the beginning of a word (66.6%). Moreover, we have what
appears to be four separate statistical breaks in the data, which might
allow us to investigate a little further. This data is far too simple to
need a graph, but deeper studies would certainly benefit. Enough of the
beginnings however, as I only have time in one evening to explore the
question of word endings in any detail, and this is certainly not enough
time to cover even the basics.
Go to the bottom of this page, and you'll see a count of word-ending glyphs.
Here we have 58 glyphs that serve as word terminators, and 44 of these (76%)
occur more than once. Talk about your statistical breaks, though, here we
have a big one. Out of 8,175 words, 6,392 (or 78%) end in one of four
glyphs. These individual numbers are important if we are forming some
perception about beginning, median, and terminating "strings".
Follow me now to http://voynich.info/vgbt/xcrptn/last2.pdf where we have a
listing of the last two glyphs of every word. Words two or more in length
have 275 unique word endings when considering the last two glyphs. Our
three big ones are am, 89, oe, and os (don't rightly know the EVA for "os",
but here you can see it visually ). After this set we have another major
statistical break, which we might have to take back and compare to the
single-glyph examples in order to determine if these are "suffixes".
From the first file we've seen that there are 1,097 words ending in m.
There are 994 words ending in am, which is 12.2% of all words, and 90.6% of
all words ending in m. We have a positive ID on correlation between a and
m. 76 occurrences of am are stand-alone words, so the count of am as
"suffix" would be 918. How a "suffix" is also a stand-alone word is one I
haven't quite yet grasped.
To continue this vein I'll jump ahead to
http://voynich.info/vgbt/xcrptn/last3.pdf where we find that our top runner
is Nick's 8am <daiin>, with a whopping 484 count as a word-ending string. To
reiterate, we have 994 words ending in am, which is 90.6% of all words
ending in m. 44% of all words ending in m are words also ending in 8am.
The problem here is that 366 of those 484 (about 76%) of the occurrences of
8am are stand-alone words. When looking for "suffixes", only 118, or 1.4%
of all the 8,175 words have 8am as a "suffix". (yes Nick, I know this helps
your theory.)
I only have time tonight to look at the next runner in the series of word
endings, the 89. Our 9 tops the list of word terminators, at 2,930
occurrences, or 36% of all word terminators. 515 of these are stand-alones,
and if you will look at the first page of first and last glyphs, you'll see
that 515 words also begin with 9, meaning that 9 occurs 515 times as a
single-glyph word, but NEVER begins a compound word in these 6 quires.
(Finally I get to say NEVER when talking about the VMS! 9 has a few other
"nevers" attached to it as well). The ending 89 occurs 964 times. This is
33% of the words ending in 9, or if we negate the 515 stand-alones, this is
40% of all words two or more in length that end in 9. It's not the 90.6% of
the am words, but it's a pretty good chunk. 120 of the 964 occurrences of 89
are two-glyphs words, or 12.6%, so our number goes down a bit. We jump
ahead and look at the list of the last three glyph occurrences, and c89 is
right up there below 8am. There are exactly -0- stand-alone occurrences of
the word c89. The next on the list which includes 89 is o89, which has only
13 occurrences, a statistically insignificant number. 89 rightly qualifies
as a "suffix" or "significant group", as does am. 8am, if we consider word
construction, is rightly a word of its own, or it can also be considered
that 8+am is a consistent and common word used throughout these six quires.
That is, until you look at the occurrences of 8am at the beginning and in
the middle of words.....
That's all I can do tonight, but I hope this helps add some definition, and
I hope it also tempers the common perception that the VMS word beginnings
and endings are "very few". Currier, Tiltman, D'Imperio and others did some
major work in this area, but it certainly doesn't hurt to revisit it once in
awhile to demonstrate that the problem is more complex. Ah shoot.. I was
going to finish proofing and post quire 7 tonight, but I got caught up in
this train of thought.
I'd like to continue in this, but with some definitions set in place. What
makes something a "prefix" or "suffix"? By definition, these should not
occur in the middle of words. (Yes, I have considered words like "Augustus"
in making that statement.) What lines do we draw to determine beginning,
median, and word endings? And my big question - why do these so-called
"prefixes" and "suffixes" operate well in pairs of glyphs, but when they
reach three-glyph length, either fall off or turn into a complete word by
itself, like 8am does? (Yes Nick, I know, but humor me anyway!).
GC
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